Last Updated on February 27, 2024 by Shabnam Sengupta
More than 2. 5 lakh people undergo total knee replacement (TKR) in India every year. The number of joint replacements in India is set to grow at the highest rate in the world from 2020 to 2026. Like any major surgery, knee replacement surgery can result in certain troubles like hip pain in some cases. Similarly, there is a risk of blood clots, which can have serious implications if not addressed promptly. This article elaborates on how common it is, the signs and the duration of the risk. We will also discuss ways to prevent them.
How common is blood clot after knee replacement surgery?
The risk of blood clot formation, also known as deep vein thrombosis (DVT), after a knee replacement surgery is relatively common. The risk can range from 45-70% without prophylaxis. However, the risk reduces to under 10% with prophylaxis. The exact prevalence varies depending on factors such as patient characteristics, surgical techniques, and post-operative management. To mitigate this risk, healthcare professionals often employ preventive measures before, during, and after surgery.
What are the signs of blood clots after knee replacement surgery?
Being aware of the signs and symptoms of blood clots is vital for early detection and intervention. Some common signs are:
- Swelling: Unexplained and persistent swelling in the affected leg.
- Pain or Tenderness: It can be experienced especially in the calf or thigh.
- Redness or Discoloration: Skin that is red, warm to the touch, or exhibits unusual discolouration.
- Increased Skin Temperature: An area of the leg feeling warmer than the surrounding skin.
- Shortness of Breath: Breathlessness or chest pain, which may indicate a clot has travelled to the lungs (pulmonary embolism).
How long do patients stay at risk of blood clots after knee replacement surgery?
Clots are most likely to develop in the first week or two after your surgery, but you’re at risk for about three months. The highest risk is from the second to the tenth day after surgery. During this period, patients are most vulnerable, especially during the initial weeks when mobility may be limited due to surgical recovery. Healthcare providers typically employ preventive strategies to minimize the risk, such as early mobilization, compression stockings, blood-thinning medications, and calf muscle exercises.
How to prevent blood clots post-knee replacement surgery?
To address blood clots after knee replacement surgery, your healthcare team may recommend the following measures:
- Early Ambulation: Early and gentle movement of the legs and ankles to promote blood circulation.
- Blood Thinners: Administration of blood-thinning medications as prescribed by the doctor.
- Compression Stockings: Wearing compression stockings improves blood flow in the legs.
- Leg Exercises: Regularly performing ankle pumps and calf muscle exercises to promote circulation.
- Hydration: Maintaining adequate hydration to prevent blood from thickening.
In conclusion, recognising the signs of blood clots is crucial for early intervention. While the risk is most significant in the weeks following surgery, preventive measures such as early ambulation, blood thinners, compression stockings, leg exercises, and hydration can mitigate the risk and promote a safer recovery process. If patients experience any signs of blood clots, they should promptly inform their healthcare provider for appropriate evaluation and treatment.
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