Last Updated on August 9, 2023 by Shabnam Sengupta
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a serious joint disorder which affects millions worldwide. It is a result of complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. While lifestyle choices, ageing, and mechanical stress on the joints play significant roles, research suggests that genetics also contribute to an individual’s susceptibility to knee osteoarthritis. In this article, we will discuss the role of genes in knee osteoarthritis and various other environmental and genetic triggers that cause knee OA.
What role do genes play in causing knee osteoarthritis?
Recent studies have shed light on the genetic component of knee osteoarthritis. Researchers have identified specific genes associated with cartilage structure and function, inflammation, and joint integrity. Variations in these genes can influence an individual’s risk of developing OA. One notable example is the GDF5 gene, which encodes a protein essential for cartilage and joint development. Certain variants of this gene have been linked to an increased risk of knee osteoarthritis. Additionally, genes involved in regulating inflammation, such as IL1B and TNFα, have been implicated in disease severity and progression. However, it’s important to note that genetic predisposition alone is not the sole determinant of knee OA. It interacts with other factors in a complex manner.
How do genetic factors and environmental triggers cause knee osteoarthritis?
While genetics contribute to the susceptibility of knee OA, environmental factors play a crucial role in disease manifestation. Obesity, joint injuries, occupation-related joint stress, and physical inactivity are environmental factors that can worsen the condition. Genetic predisposition may modulate an individual’s response to these environmental triggers. For instance, an individual with certain genetic variants may be more prone to cartilage degradation when exposed to joint stress or inflammation-inducing factors.
In conclusion, knee osteoarthritis is not solely genetic but results from a complex interplay between genetic predisposition and environmental influences. While genetic variants can increase the risk of developing OA, they do not guarantee its onset. Individuals with a family history of knee OA should be aware of their increased susceptibility but also focus on managing modifiable factors. Maintaining a healthy weight, staying physically active, and protecting the joints from excessive stress can help mitigate the impact of genetic predisposition. As research continues, a deeper understanding of the genetic underpinnings of knee OA may pave the way for personalized treatments and interventions that target the specific mechanisms driving the disease.
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