Last Updated on March 7, 2023 by Shabnam Sengupta
Fever is an active yet nonspecific response of the body to infections. A raised body temperature raises the metabolic rate and makes the immune response more efficient. In this article, we will discuss whether fever can affect the brain, and if yes, then how.
Does fever affect the brain?
Yes, it is possible for a fever to affect the brain. However, brain damage from a fever generally will not occur unless the fever is over 107.6°F (42°C). Fever caused by a viral or bacterial infection is typically not a cause of brain damage in a healthy individual. Even in children, febrile seizures are unlikely to result in any lasting harm.
A single episode of hyperthermia may cause short-term neurological and cognitive dysfunction, which may be prolonged or become permanent. The earlier the rise in temperature occurs, the stronger the association between high temperature and brain damage.
What are the ways in which fever impacts the brain?
A fever does not usually cause direct damage to the brain, but it can affect brain function when the body’s temperature rises above normal. The brain is sensitive to changes in temperature, and when the body’s core temperature rises, it can lead to changes in the brain’s chemical and electrical activity, which can affect its normal functioning. Only temperatures above 108° F (42° C) can cause brain damage. It’s very rare for the body temperature to climb this high. It only happens if the air temperature is very high.
In some cases, a fever can cause confusion, disorientation, or even hallucinations. These symptoms are more common in older adults and young children, as their brains are more vulnerable to temperature changes.
There can be a few cases in which a high fever can cause dehydration which can also affect brain function, leading to confusion or disorientation. Remember, the higher your fever, the more dehydrated you may become.
In rare cases, a high fever can cause seizures, which occur when the electrical activity in the brain becomes disrupted. Febrile seizures are most common in children between the ages of 6 months and 3 years, and they usually resolve on their own within a few minutes.
If you experience neurological symptoms like confusion or seizures during a fever, it’s important to seek medical attention immediately. These symptoms can indicate a serious underlying condition, and prompt treatment can help prevent complications.
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