Periodontal disease, or gum disease, is a common chronic inflammatory condition. This implies the breakdown of the bone beneath the gums and periodontal ligaments, which support individual teeth. About 10% to 15% of adults have severe periodontal disease, making it quite common. It also negatively affects people’s quality of life in many ways. Diabetics are more than three times more likely to develop periodontitis, according to epidemiological research, which also confirms that diabetes is a key risk factor for the disease.
What causes periodontal disease?
Bacteria, which are constantly present in saliva, are the causative agents of periodontal disease. The bacteria attach to the tooth surface around the gum margin and form dental plaque. This is the sticky white substance that can be scraped away with a fingernail. If the plaque is not removed effectively every twelve hours, it can harden into tartar (calculus). The bacteria will make the gums irritated or inflamed.
What factors worsen periodontal disease?
Tobacco use, diabetes, smoking, stress, and our genes all increase the chances of developing gum disease and can make it worse.
Periodontal disease is usually brought on by bad brushing and flossing practices that let plaque—a sticky layer of bacteria—accumulate and harden on the teeth. Gums that are bleeding, swollen, and red are the initial symptoms. It can spread to the bones around the gums if left untreated, which would make chewing uncomfortable. In the worst situations, teeth might fall loose or require extraction.
How does a dentist manage gum disease?
A dentist will inquire about your medical history, prescription drugs, and any other possible medical disorders in order to identify periodontal disease. Especially regarding your blood glucose management, it is critical that you tell your dentist about your diabetes history. Your dental professional will also take your health history, check your gums for any signs of inflammation, measure any pockets around the teeth using a probe, and take X-rays to find out if there is any bone loss.
If you have gum disease, your dentist may refer you to a periodontist. These dentists specialize in treating and diagnosing gum disease. A periodontist will evaluate your gums and teeth and provide you with solutions for managing your condition. Diabetics are more likely to have an intense inflammatory response to the bacterial infection in their gums. It is important to note that high blood sugar levels also interfere with wound healing and increase the risk of damage to the gums, which further increases the possibility of infections and gum disease in the vicious circle.
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