Last Updated on April 16, 2024 by Neelam Singh
Quick Take
Several social media posts claim that watermelons sold nowadays are injected with artificial colors and chemicals, suggesting that these dye erythrosine cause cancer. We fact checked and found the claim to be half true.
The Claim
The claimant in the video is claiming that watermelon injected with artificial colour and chemicals causes cancer.
Fact Check
What is erythrosine?
Erythrosine, also known as Red No. 3, is a synthetic red dye commonly used in various food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Chemically, it belongs to the xanthene class of dyes. Its approval is based on its perceived safety for human consumption in regulated amounts. However, concerns have been raised about its potential adverse effects, which may affect physiological processes such as those related to the pituitary gland and spermatogenesis. While erythrosine’s genotoxic and mutagenic properties remain inconclusive, further research is warranted to better understand.
Does erythrosine cause cancer?
The link between erythrosine cause cancer is still a topic of debate and ongoing research. Some studies have suggested association between erythrosine and cancer development, while others have not found conclusive evidence.
In 2015 a study looked at how erythrosine in tablets and food, affects liver health (liver cancer in rats). They found that erythrosine cause cancer and also affected various markers of liver health. It also altered the levels of antioxidant enzymes in the liver.
Is erythrosine harmful for human consumption?
Maybe, a daily intake of 0.1 mg per kilogram of body weight is safe. But its use has been link with allergic reactions. Some in vitro studies suggest genotoxicity, in vivo studies show contradictory results.
1990 study
In a 1990 study, rats fed a diet containing 4% erythrosine for 30 months showed more growths in their thyroid glands. Eating erythrosine led to higher levels of thyroid hormones T4 and T3 in their blood, along with an increased response of the pituitary gland to TRH, a hormone that stimulates TSH production. This effect was attributed to reduced levels of the enzyme 5′-deiodinase in the liver, which converts T4 to T3. Interestingly, these effects were not observe with iodine alone or with a similar substance, fluorescein. In summary, consuming a high amount of erythrosine disrupts communication between the thyroid and pituitary glands, resulting in elevated thyroid hormone levels in the blood.
2011 study
Another study was conducted in 2011 where a group of experts looked at the safety of a red food colouring called Erythrosine, which is used in things like cocktail cherries. Other expert groups had looked at it before and set a safe amount you can eat every day, called the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI). They said it’s safe to eat up to 0.1 milligrams of Erythrosine for every kilogram you weigh each day.
The new group of experts looked at all the evidence again and found that Erythrosine can cause thyroid tumours in rats, but it’s because of how it affects the thyroid, not because it directly damages genes. They think these effects might not be very relevant to humans.
Researchers also looked at a study where people took Erythrosine pills for a short time. They found that a daily dose of 60 milligrams per kilogram of body weight didn’t cause any problems, while a higher dose of 200 milligrams did have some effects. Based on this, they stuck with the old safe amount of 0.1 milligrams per kilogram of body weight per day.
They looked at how much Erythrosine people usually eat, and even if you eat a lot of it, you’re still below the safe limit. So, they say there’s no need to worry about safety if you’re eating Erythrosine in things like cocktail cherries.
Botanist Nidhi Singh supports the point by saying, “While not all watermelons have erythrosine dye, it’s crucial to continue enjoying them during the season. Remember, this dye is also observe in many other foods we eat. Even if some fruits and veggies have pesticides, the health benefits outweigh the risks. To avoid chemical-treated fruits, watch for signs like powdery residue, overly bright red insides, and any holes or cracks.”
Are red watermelon safe to eat?
Yes, red watermelons are safe to eat. They are a nutritious and refreshing fruit that provides hydration, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. The red color of watermelon flesh comes from the presence of lycopene, a powerful antioxidant known for its potential health benefits, including supporting heart health and protecting against certain types of cancer. As with any fruit or vegetable, it’s essential to wash the exterior of the watermelon thoroughly before cutting it to remove any potential contaminants. Overall, when consumed as part of a balanced diet, red watermelons are a safe and delicious choice for enjoying during the summer months.
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