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Last Updated on April 6, 2023 by Shabnam Sengupta
In down syndrome, there is the presence of an additional chromosome. This extra chromosome can result in delays in both mental and physical development in affected children. Additionally, there is a higher risk for various health problems associated with this condition. However, it’s important to note that the physical features and medical issues associated with down syndrome can vary greatly from one child to another. While some may require extensive medical care, others may lead relatively healthy lives. In this article, we will discuss whether there are ways to prevent down syndrome. We will also explain the steps to follow if there is a suspicion of a pregnancy with down syndrome.
Can one prevent down syndrome?
There is no definitive way to prevent down syndrome yet. It is a genetic condition caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21. However, there are ongoing studies regarding using folic acid and cobalamin to prevent it. There is evidence that suggests that there is a link between down syndrome and a defect in folate and methylcobalamin metabolism. There are supplementation policies that doctors use currently to prevent NTDs (Neural Tube Diseases). These supplementations may incidentally prevent down syndrome if a sufficiently high dose of folic acid and possibly cobalamin is used.
Studies also state that women can reduce the risk of down syndrome in their children if they have children by the age of 30. The CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention) recommends avoiding alcohol consumption and smoking cigarettes or marijuana during pregnancy. There is no known safe amount of tobacco and marijuana use during pregnancy or while trying to get pregnant.
What to do if one suspects a pregnancy with down syndrome?
Parents can go for genetic testing to know whether they are carriers. If you already have one child with down syndrome or you’re at high risk of having a child with down syndrome, you can consult a genetic counsellor before planning your pregnancy. A genetic counsellor can help you understand your chances of having a child with Down syndrome. They can also explain the prenatal tests that are available and the pros and cons of testing.
Prenatal screening tests such as non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) and diagnostic tests such as chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and amniocentesis can detect the presence of down syndrome during pregnancy, allowing parents to make informed decisions about their pregnancy. However, it’s important to note that these tests are not 100% accurate.
Additionally, early intervention programs, therapies, and medical care can help manage the health and developmental needs of individuals with down syndrome. These may include speech therapy, physical therapy, occupational therapy, educational interventions, and medical care for associated health issues.
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