Last Updated on August 23, 2023 by Shabnam Sengupta
Wood apple, scientifically known as Limonia acidissima, is a tropical fruit native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. It holds a significant place in the cultural and culinary traditions of India, where it is commonly referred to as ‘bael’. Throughout history, the wood apple has been revered for its unique taste, medicinal properties, and nutritional benefits. In Indian cuisine, it is widely used in various dishes, beverages, and traditional sweets. The fruit’s pulp, seeds, and leaves are all utilised for their therapeutic qualities and are believed to promote digestive health, boost immunity, and provide relief from various ailments. With its rich history, diverse culinary applications, and potential health benefits, wood apple continues to captivate both food enthusiasts and health-conscious individuals alike.
Health benefits of wood apple
May have antioxidant properties
According to a 2014 study, essential oils extracted from wood apple leaves have shown antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. They found that the wood apple essential oil inhibited the growth of human cancer cells by causing DNA fragmentation. Similarly, a 2012 study evaluated the antioxidant activity of ethanolic extracts from wood apple fruits on human breast cancer cell lines, observing effective doses for inhibiting cell growth. Another study discovered that extracts from wood apple fruits exhibited anti-tumour activity, leading to a decrease in viable cancer cells and an increase in nonviable cell counts. These effects may be attributed to the presence of flavonoids in the fruit.
May have anti-diabetic properties
In studies conducted in 2009, it was found that the 95% extracts of unripe wood apple fruits have significant anti-diabetic effects. The extracts were shown to lower blood glucose levels in both fasted and fed subjects. A 2012 study conducted a 21-day trial and found that extracts from wood apple bark may reduce blood glucose levels by 39% and 54.5% at different doses. These studies indicate the potential of wood apple extracts in lowering blood glucose levels and managing diabetes.
May have antioxidant properties
According to various studies conducted in 2013, 2016, 2020, 2012 & 2015, wood apple extracts may have significant antioxidant activity. Different extraction methods, such as water, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol, were used to determine the antioxidant properties of wood apple pulp and leaves. Wood apple extracts exhibited strong antioxidant activity. Oral administration of the wood apple leaf also increased the activity of enzymatic antioxidants. These findings indicate that wood apples possess significant antioxidant properties.
May have anti-ulcer properties
Research conducted in 2009, 2010, and 2018 has shown the beneficial effects of wood apple fruit extracts on gastric health. In experiments, it was observed that wood apple fruit pulp at a dose of 500mg/kg effectively inhibited gastric ulceration. Moreover, the extract of the fruit exhibited wound-healing properties, promoting faster wound closure by enhancing wound-breaking strength, These beneficial effects can be attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds in the fruit.
May have antidiarrheal properties
In a study conducted in 2010, the bark extract of wood apple was evaluated for its antidiarrheal properties and its ability to reduce gastrointestinal motility. The researchers found significant antidiarrheal activity, as evidenced by a reduction in average faeces weight and a decrease in gastrointestinal motility These findings indicate that wood apple extracts have potential as an effective treatment for diarrhoea and can help in reducing gastrointestinal motility.
Side effects of consuming wood apples in excess
- Allergic Reactions: Some individuals might be allergic to wood apple. Allergic reactions could include itching, skin rashes, swelling, and even difficulty breathing in severe cases.
- Digestive Issues: Wood apple is known for its high fibre content, which can be beneficial for digestion. However, consuming too much fibre can lead to bloating, gas, and abdominal discomfort, especially if your body is not used to a high-fibre diet.
- Pregnancy: Pregnant women should avoid wood apples and have it in moderation. Excessive consumption may not be recommended due to its effects on digestion and potential interactions with medications.
- Laxative Effect: High fibre content can have a laxative effect, which might be undesirable for some individuals.
Conclusion
Wood apple, with its rich history, distinct flavour, and numerous health benefits, remains a fascinating fruit that has stood the test of time. From its role in Indian cuisine, where it adds a unique touch to a variety of dishes and beverages, to its traditional medicinal uses in promoting digestive health and boosting immunity, wood apple continues to captivate and provide value to individuals. Its antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-ulcer, and anti-diarrheal properties, among others, make it a valuable addition to a healthy lifestyle. Whether enjoyed fresh, in the form of juices or desserts, or as a supplement, wood apple is a versatile fruit that continues to be appreciated for its cultural significance and potential positive impact on overall well-being. As we explore the wonders of nature’s bounty, let us not forget the remarkable qualities and benefits that wood apple brings to our lives.
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