Last Updated on July 3, 2023 by Shabnam Sengupta
Star fruit, scientifically known as Averrhoa carambola, is a unique tropical fruit that captivates with its distinctive star-like shape when sliced. Native to Southeast Asia but now cultivated in various regions worldwide, star fruit is not only visually appealing but also offers a range of potential health benefits. Packed with fibre, antioxidants, and essential nutrients, this fruit has gained attention for its potential positive effects on glucose regulation, lipid management, antioxidant defence, and even potential anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Whether enjoyed fresh, juiced, or incorporated into various culinary creations, star fruit provides a delightful and nutritious addition to a well-balanced diet.
Health benefits of star fruit
Anti-diabetic activity
Star fruit is rich in fibre, which has beneficial effects on glucose control. The fibre present in it inhibits the activity of α-amylase, delaying the release of glucose from starch. Studies found that the hydroalcoholic extract of star fruit leaves reduced blood sugar levels. Furthermore, it has a compound called DMDD that showed anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects on pancreatic beta-cells, leading to increased insulin secretion and reduced blood sugar levels in diabetic models
May help in lowering cholesterol
Star fruit consumption has been found to enhance the removal of cholesterol and bile acids from the body. Consuming the water-insoluble fraction of star fruit increased the excretion of faecal lipids, cholesterol, and bile acids while reducing serum and hepatic cholesterol levels in many models. Similarly, feeding its micronized fibre concentrate resulted in significant reductions in serum triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, and liver lipids, attributed to enhanced lipid and cholesterol excretion. Other studies demonstrated that its microsized fibres lowered serum fat and total cholesterol levels by promoting the excretion of cholesterol and bile acids in faeces.
May have antioxidants
Star fruit exhibits strong antioxidant activity and effectively scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other free radicals. It contains high levels of various beneficial compounds such as flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, vitamin C, β‐carotene, saponins, alkaloids, tannins, and gallic acid. Studies have confirmed its antioxidant capacity through the presence of polyphenolic antioxidants, particularly L‐ascorbic acid, epicatechin, and gallotannins. The residue left after juice extraction accounts for a significant portion of the fruit’s antioxidant activity. It has been recognised as an important source of phenolic antioxidants and has shown potential health benefits in humans. It has also demonstrated moderate antioxidant activity among fruits tested in different regions. The antioxidant activity of star fruit extract is closely related to its phenolic content. Most of the research conducted so far consists of lab studies, with only one human study involving a small sample size. In this study, the consumption of 100g of star fruit juice twice daily for 4 weeks resulted in improved antioxidant status, including increased total antioxidant capacity, reduced levels of inflammation and significantly increased levels of vitamins A and C.
May have anti-inflammatory effects
A study investigated the potential topical anti-inflammatory effects of star fruit leaves. They found that applying the extract of its leaves reduced inflammation-induced edema. The extract and its fractions also inhibited the activity of inflammation, suggesting a potential influence on cell migration during inflammation.
May have antitumor effects
In 2014, a study was conducted to investigate the preventive effects of star fruit extract against chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma. They observed that the administration of the extract resulted in a reduction in tumour incidence, tumour yield, and tumour burden compared to the control group. Additionally, a previous lab study identified two compounds extracted from star fruit, which exhibited antitumor activity
Conclusion
Star fruit is more than just a visually striking tropical fruit. Its numerous health benefits make it a valuable addition to a healthy diet. With its high fibre content, star fruit can support digestive health and aid in weight management. The presence of antioxidants helps protect the body against oxidative stress and may contribute to overall well-being. Additionally, it has shown potential in regulating glucose levels and managing lipid profiles, which can be beneficial for individuals with diabetes or at risk of cardiovascular disease. While further research is needed to fully understand the extent of its benefits, it undeniably offers a refreshing and nutritious option that can be enjoyed as part of a balanced lifestyle. So, next time you come across a star fruit, consider giving it a try and experience its unique flavour and potential health-promoting properties.
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