Last Updated on June 7, 2023 by Shabnam Sengupta
Cataracts are the leading cause of blindness in India, accounting for over 80% of all cases. The prevalence of cataract blindness in India is an enormous problem not only in terms of human morbidity but also in terms of economic loss and social burden. In this article, we will examine the ways to diagnose cataract.
Is cataract self-diagnosable?
Yes, cataracts can be self-diagnosable to some extent. However, one should not solely rely on self diagnosis and must seek professional advice. Cataract is a common eye condition characterized by clouding of the natural lens, which leads to impaired vision. The most common visual changes which can be observed are blurry or hazy vision, difficulty seeing in dim light or at night, increased sensitivity to glare, double vision and decreased color perception. While self-diagnosis can help identify potential signs and symptoms of cataract, it is always recommended to consult with an eye care professional for a definitive diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
How do doctors diagnose cataracts?
Doctors use various methods to diagnose cataracts and assess their severity. Here are the common diagnostic procedures used by eye care professionals:
- Visual acuity test: This test involves reading an eye chart to determine how well you can see at various distances. It helps evaluate the clarity and sharpness of your vision.
- Slit-lamp examination: It is a specialized microscope that allows the doctor to examine the structures of the eye, including the lens. Using a high-intensity light beam, the doctor can assess the presence, location, and severity of the cataract.
- Retinal examination: The doctor may use ophthalmoscopy or a retinal camera to examine the back of your eye, including the retina. This evaluation helps rule out other potential causes of vision problems and assess the impact of cataracts on overall eye health.
- Visual function tests: These tests assess different aspects of your vision, such as contrast sensitivity, glare sensitivity, and color vision. They help evaluate how cataracts affect your visual function in various conditions.
- Refraction test: This test determines your prescription for corrective lenses, including glasses or contact lenses. This test helps the doctor assess your overall vision and determine if refractive errors coexist with cataracts.
- Dilated eye examination: In some cases, the doctor may dilate your pupils using eye drops to get a wider view of the lens and the back of the eye. This allows for a more thorough examination of the cataract and any other potential eye conditions.
Based on the findings from these diagnostic procedures, the doctor can confirm the presence of cataracts, determine their type, location, and severity, and develop an appropriate treatment plan. Regular eye examinations are crucial for early detection and monitoring of cataracts, as they allow for timely intervention and management to preserve and improve vision.
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