Last Updated on February 5, 2023 by Shabnam Sengupta
The occurrence of fibroids is pretty common. In most cases, they are non-cancerous tumours that grow in the uterus. Their size is variable, ranging from tiny to very large. In this article, we will discuss the complications that can arise due to fibroids during pregnancy and how these complications occur.
How can fibroids cause complications during pregnancy?
Fibroids can cause a few problems in pregnancy through the following mechanisms:
- Impairing implantation: Fibroids located near the uterus can reduce the ability for embryo implantation and prevent the embryo from implanting properly.
- Interfering with blood flow: Fibroids can decrease the blood flow to the uterus and hamper the developing fetus.
- Increasing the risk of preterm labour: Fibroids can cause abdominal pain or cramps, which can cause uterine contractions, eventually leading to preterm labour.
- Causing obstruction with the delivery: Large fibroids can obstruct the birth canal, eventually causing obstructed labour, making the delivery difficult.
- Impairing fetal growth: Researchers suspect that fibroids can influence birthweight and length of gestation by distorting the uterine cavity and interfering with fetal nutrition. They can also reduce the amount of space available for the fetus to grow, leading to impaired fetal growth.
What problems can arise due to fibroids during pregnancy?
Fibroids during pregnancy can cause the following complications:
- Miscarriage: Fibroids may be the cause for pregnancy losses among women with recurrent miscarriages. Miscarriage can happen as fibroids can affect the baby’s position in the uterus.
- Preterm labour: Research states that fibroids may result in a higher risk of preterm birth, with a greater risk at earlier gestational ages.
- Impaired fetal growth: Large fibroids can decrease the space in the womb, which can ultimately lead to fetal growth restriction.
- Placental abruption: It is a condition in which the placenta separates from the uterus prematurely. Researchers believe that the risks of placental abruption and fetal malpresentation are slightly higher in the cases of pregnancy with fibroids, mainly due to the mechanical influence of multiple and large fibroids.
- Obstructed labour: Fibroids that protrude into the uterine cavity or change their shape (submucosal fibroids) may cause complications during labour.
Therefore, it is important to consult a healthcare provider for proper monitoring and management.
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