Early cancer screening ensures early detection. This increases the chances of survival drastically. However, there is still stigma and a lack of knowledge around the issue, resulting in fear and late detection. We need to learn the importance of early cancer screening and its potential to decrease the mortality rate.
What are common misconceptions about cancer screening?
Screening for cancer is an important way, to detect the disease early. However, there are so many misconceptions surrounding it that not all people engage in the process. Three of the most common myths include:
Myth 1: I do not have symptoms, so I do not need screening.
Many people regard screenings as detecting cancers when symptoms appear. However, the actual reason for screenings is the detection of cancer even before symptoms arise, ideally before reaching an age when medical treatment is best carried out. Diagnosing after waiting for symptoms often results in late diagnosis, which reduces the possibility of treatment.
Myth 2: Screening promises me I won’t get cancer.
Screening detects cancer early but does not prevent it. Furthermore, not all cancers can be detected on standard screenings. Lifestyle and genetic factors, besides many other risks, are significant, so a negative result doesn’t necessarily mean immunity to cancer. The good news is that cancer screening helps detect cancers at an early age and drastically improves survival rates.
Myth 3: Screening always leads to a cancer diagnosis.
Fear of increased or actual diagnosis deters individuals from getting screened. However, most screenings are negative or early detection that can be treated; they give peace of mind. False positives or negatives might occur, but follow-up care in the hands of healthcare professionals clears any confusion.
How often should screenings happen based on age and gender?
Dr Rakesh Kumar Sharma, Medical Oncologist, Max Healthcare, Saket, New Delhi says, “The frequency of cancer screenings varies with age, gender, personal risk factors, and family history. Currently screening for breast cancer, cervix cancer and colon cancer is advised by various guidelines. Screening frequency and modalities depend on the type of cancer.” Here is a general guideline:
Cancer screening for Women
Breast cancer
Dr Nikita Chauhan, MBBS, MD, DNB, Obstetrician and Gynecologist, Noida says, “Women aged 40 or above should get a mammogram done once or twice a year. Women under the age of 25 are generally told to stay away from getting a mammogram as it can increase the risk of radiation exposure.” Women aged 50–74 years should get a mammogram every 2 years only if recommended by their risk.
Cervical cancer
Women should begin screening at age 21. They should receive a routine Pap smear every 3 years, but women aged 30 to 65 years can have it done in conjunction with an HPV test every 5 years. A normal result on previous tests usually makes further screening unnecessary. There is no upper age limit, but routine screening is usually not necessary after age 65.
Cancer screening for men
Prostate cancer
Men aged 50 or older should discuss their risks with their doctor to determine whether they should be screened. Men who have a genetic history pose a risk and thus, screen earlier.
Cancer screening for both genders
Colorectal cancer
Everyone should begin screening at age 45 by submitting an annual stool test or a colonoscopy every 10 years. People at higher risk may need to begin screening sooner and/or have more frequent tests.
Lung cancer
Adults aged 50 to 80 years with a history of significant smoking, current smokers or who quit within the last 15 years should get annual low-dose CT scans between this age.
What should be done to improve cancer screening in India?
Improving cancer screening in India will thus be a multi-pronged effort that takes care of systemic as well as societal barriers. Dr Sharma highlights some of these factors to improve cancer screening in India:
Access to the Health Care System: Systemically, there is a shortage of proper health infrastructure in rural areas. Increasing primary health centres and mobile screening units will provide screenings to the underserved.
Convergence with Existing Health Programs: Cancer screening can be integrated into government programs such as Ayushman Bharat and the National Health Mission to reach more people. Utilising the resources and networks which already exist would be beneficial.
Social Mobilisation and Education: Campaigns and community outreach programs can remove the stigma and misconception around early detection. There should be a considerably huge effort to make people realise that cancer screening is preventive and not diagnostic.
Encourage Annual Screening: Encouraging annual screenings through the provision of incentives, reminders, and convenient services creates a culture of prevention within the risk groups.
Keeping Proper Records and Follow-ups: An integrated database that tracks people screened helps to establish continuity of care and timely follow-up and evaluation of the outcome of the screening program.
Strengthening Health Systems: Better diagnostic facilities, training of health personnel and referral systems at all levels ensure quality and efficiency in cancer care.
Ensure Treatment is Accessible: Subsidised or free cancer treatments along with insurance coverage must be ensured so that diagnosed individuals can afford timely care, thereby reducing the financial burden of disease.
Disclaimer: Medical Science is an ever evolving field. We strive to keep this page updated. In case you notice any discrepancy in the content, please inform us at [email protected]. You can futher read our Correction Policy here. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking medical treatment because of something you have read on or accessed through this website or it's social media channels. Read our Full Disclaimer Here for further information.
