For parents, understanding the importance of the HPV vaccine is crucial in making informed decisions about their child’s health. Awareness of this vaccine equips parents to take proactive steps in protecting their children’s future. The significance lies not only in immediate health benefits but also in the long-term impact on their child’s well-being.
To help parents understand the HPV vaccines better, THIP Media interviewed Dr Priyanka Mehta, MD, MRCOG (UK), Gynaecologist, Hormone Specialist, co-founder of One Life Wellness Consultancy FZ, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Why is the HPV vaccine considered a significant tool in preventing certain types of cancer?
We should always remember that in medicine, prevention is better than cure. There are about 200 types of HPV—some low risk and some high risk. HPV is one of the only vaccines that can actually prevent cancer. Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women in our subcontinent, and the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths.
The HPV vaccine prevents more than 90% of cervical cancers. It also helps prevent anal, vaginal, vulvar, oral, and nasopharyngeal cancers. If we have a tool that can prevent cancer, it is our duty as medical professionals and health awareness teams to spread information about it.
What are the key benefits of vaccinating against HPV at an early age?
The HPV vaccination program started around 2006–2007. Like any new program, there was resistance, fear, and myths—similar to the COVID vaccine. But over the past 20 years, we now have extensive research.
A study was published by the National Cancer Institute followed over 450,000 girls vaccinated in Scotland. They found that between ages 9–14, there were almost zero cervical cancer cases. For ages 15–26, the rate among vaccinated girls was 3 per 100,000, compared to 8 per 100,000 among the unvaccinated.
We recommend starting the vaccine at 9 years, for both girls and boys. The CDC recommends it for both because it also prevents penile and nasopharyngeal cancers. The Indian Association of Paediatrics also supports this. From ages 15–26, and even up to 45, the vaccine can be taken after consulting a healthcare provider. After 15, it requires three doses.
How does the HPV vaccine work to protect against the virus, and how effective is it?
Viruses constantly change, as we saw with COVID variants. HPV has more than 200 types, categorised into low-risk and high-risk. Genital warts are brought on by low-risk HPV strains 6 and 11. Types 16, 18, 31, and 33 are high-risk and can eventually lead to cervical and other cancers.
When we give the vaccine, the body produces antibodies that enhance the immune system. If exposed later to the virus, the body can eliminate it before it causes abnormal changes or cancer. HPV is slow-acting—it may take more than 15 years from infection to cancer—so vaccinating early, ideally between 9–14 years, is very effective. Even up to 45 years, if you have not been exposed, vaccination can still help.
What are the known contraindications for the HPV vaccine, and who should avoid it?
During pregnancy, we avoid vaccines unless specifically required. But if someone has taken the first HPV dose and then becomes pregnant, there is no need to panic—it’s a killed vaccine. They can complete the remaining doses after pregnancy.
During breastfeeding, the vaccine is safe. In cases of severe illness or severe immunocompromise, we may delay vaccination. However, for individuals with HIV, we recommend all three doses because HPV-related cancers progress faster in HIV-positive patients.
If someone has known allergies to vaccine components, they should consult a healthcare provider to assess suitability.
How safe is the HPV vaccine, and what are the potential side effects parents should be aware of?
Parents often ask this. Some worry because HPV is sexually transmitted, and their 12- or 13-year-old is not sexually active. But the purpose is long-term protection later in life.
The vaccine is absolutely safe. It does not affect fertility or menstrual cycles. The most common side effects are mild pain and soreness at the injection site. I have two daughters, and both received all three doses—leading by example is important.
What are some of the most common myths and misconceptions about the HPV vaccine, and how can they be addressed?
We rely on evidence-based medicine. Over 20 years, we’ve gathered strong data proving the vaccine is safe. A common myth is linking vaccines with autism, although there is no connection. In India, we generally follow vaccination schedules diligently, and this should be no different.
The long-term study from Scotland, with 20 years of follow-up, reinforces that the vaccine is safe and effective. We must continue discussing and educating people to dispel myths, especially about infertility or autism. Open communication with healthcare providers is essential.
Can healthcare providers effectively raise awareness about HPV vaccines?
In my practice, I talk to all young girls and women—even those coming for unrelated issues—about the vaccine. Many women come after abnormal Pap smears or HPV tests, and even at 30–35 years, we offer the vaccine.
Initially, vaccines covered only two HPV types; now we have vaccines that protect against nine types. Cost is still a factor, but the Serum Institute is working on more cost-effective options. Public figures also help. When Sudha Murthy spoke about the vaccine in Parliament, it created awareness. Endorsement from thought leaders helps increase uptake.
Should girls and boys receive the HPV vaccine at the same priority? What are the advantages of immunising boys versus girls?
Yes. Just as we treat partners together for infections that can spread through close contact, HPV vaccination should also include both genders. The CDC recommends vaccinating boys and girls from age 9 onwards.
HPV can cause cancers in men as well, including penile, oral, and nasopharyngeal cancers. Michael Douglas, for example, had nasopharyngeal cancer linked to HPV. Once parents understand this, they recognise the importance of vaccinating boys too.
How can schools and educational institutions contribute to promoting HPV vaccination among students?
Schools are where children spend most of their day. During outbreaks—like measles in the U.S.—schools became vaccination sites. This helps reach a large population efficiently.
Schools can inform parents, organise awareness sessions, and even host vaccination camps. Universities have done it, and extending it to schools can help us reach more families.
How can parents and young adults (teenagers) make informed decisions about HPV vaccination?
Through platforms like yours, where clinicians share long-term experience, people can understand how the vaccine has evolved. Over time, scepticism reduces. Paediatricians also routinely guide parents during checkups.
We should share guidelines from the WHO and CDC, so families know this vaccine is part of global vaccination programs.
One important point: HPV vaccination does not replace routine Pap smears. They complement each other. Even after vaccination, women should continue regular Pap exams because a small percentage of cervical cancers are non-HPV related.
Continuing to communicate and share information is the way forward.
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